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IG_190: Stucco and glass window with a flower stem
(FRA_Paris_InstitutDuMondeArabe_IG_190)

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Title

Stucco and glass window with a flower stem

Type of Object
Dimensions
63.5 x 46.5 x 3.5 cm (with frame); 52.5 x 35.5 x 3 cm (without frame, approximate depth)
Artist / Producer
Place of Manufacture
Dating
early 13th–early 14th centuries AH / 19th century CE
Location
Inventory Number
AI 09-01
Research Project
Author and Date of Entry
Sarah Keller, Francine Giese, Sophie Wolf 2025

Iconography

Description

The motif of this stucco and glass window consists of a flower stem with five blossoms arranged symmetrically along a central axis. The blossoms can be identified as roses. The flower is enclosed within a semicircular arch in yellow and green. Two tear-shaped leaves are set in each of the spandrels above the arch. The flower stem, the framing arch, and the spandrels are worked out in relief against a perforated background that lies 5–10mm below the surface.

Iconclass Code
25G41(+32) · flowers (+ flowers, blossom, blossoming)
25G41(ROSE) · flowers: rose
Iconclass Keywords

Materials, Technique and State of Preservation

Materials

Gypsum plaster; colourless glass; coloured glass (green, blue, yellow); red flashed glass

Technique

The window was made according to the traditional technique used in the manufacture of qamarīyāt in North Africa until today. Firstly, the rectangular stucco panel was produced by pouring gypsum plaster into a wooden frame. The average thickness of the stucco is c.30mm. Once the stucco had set, the latticework was carved out with sharp, knife-like tools. Then the openings were then covered with pieces of colourless and coloured sheet glass, which were fixed on the back of the lattice with a thin layer of gypsum plaster.

The design of the latticework has two levels. The main motif (level 0) is worked out in relief against the perforated background (level –1), which lies 5–10mm below level 0. The irregularly spaced, slightly conical perforations were pierced with a metal or wooden pin before the stucco was fully set. They are c.10mm in diameter. The distance between the holes is 7–10mm. All holes are backed with colourless glass. The main design and the perforations have been worked in such a way that the incident light is directed slightly downwards into the room.

The glass is either colourless or coloured in the mass. Small, elongated and parallel bubbles indicate that the glass sheets were mouth-blown, possibly using the broad-sheet method. The glass pieces were cut according to the design of the latticework. Scratch marks along the edges of some glass pieces testify to the use of a glass-cutter.

State of Preservations and Restorations

This stucco and glass window is in good condition. The plaster lattice is intact, and the glass does not show any losses or defects.

Since its acquistion by the Institut du monde arabe in 2009, the window has not been restored. There are, however, signs of earlier repairs on the front: small losses were filled with plaster whiter and finer than that of the stucco lattice. There are no signs of restoration on the back, as the stucco layer used for embedding the pieces of glass looks uniform.

History

Research

From a technical and iconographic point of view, this stucco and glass window corresponds to one of the standard types of qamariyya widespread in Egypt during the Ottoman period. However, the motif is much less frequent in the collections studied than, for example, flowers in a vase or the cypress tree. The Musée du Louvre in Paris holds two windows with the same motif (IG_3 and IG_168). In contrast to the window discussed here, the flower stems in the Louvre examples are set in medallion-like frames reminiscent of the Ottoman Baroque style.

According to the museum records, the window was acquired by the Institut du monde arabe (IMA) in 2009 from the Alexis Renard Art gallery in Paris. Neither the IMA nor the art gallery holds any information regarding the provenance and date of the window. However, the examination of the window has provided some clues: the motif and the manufacturing technique, on the one hand, suggest that the window was made in an Egyptian workshop (see Technique). The nature of the glass used in the manufacture of the window, on the other hand, provides indirect information on the age of the window: the pieces of glass show the characteristics of cylinder-blown sheet glass, a technique that was uncommon in the Islamic world at that time and more commonly used in Europe. According to the Hungarian architect Max Herz (1856–1819), sheet glass was imported to Egypt from Europe from the 19th century, because local sheet-glass production had come to a standstill (Herz, 1902, p. 53).

Dating
early 13th–early 14th centuries AH / 19th century CE
Period
1800 – 1899
Previous Locations
Place of Manufacture

Provenance

Owner
Since 2009: Institut du monde arabe, Inventory Number: AI 09-01, Paris (France)
Previous Owner

Bibliography and Sources

Literature

Herz, M. (1902). Le musée national du Caire. Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 3. Pér. 28, 45–59, 497–505.

Image Information

Name of Image
FRA_Paris_InstitutDuMondeArabe_IG_190
Credits
© Vitrocentre Romont / Sarah Keller

Citation suggestion

Keller, S., Giese, F., & Wolf, S. (2025). Stucco and glass window with a flower stem. In Vitrosearch. Retrieved December 5, 2025 from https://www.vitrosearch.ch/objects/2713034.

Record Information

Reference Number
IG_190